Table 6 Antioxidant activity of green synthesized TiO₂-NPs

Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract

Superior to ascorbic acid/(TiO₂-NPs:18.3 mg/g)

[196]

Artemisia haussknechtii

DPPH scavenging activity: (68.43% -500 µg/ml of TiO₂-NPs)

[197]

fruit peel agro-waste

Dose-dependent antioxidant effects (DPPH, H₂O₂ free radical, NO, and reducing power assays)

[198]

Lawsonia inermis

Leaf extract

5-100 mg/ml of TiO₂-NPs enhanced DPPH scavenging and 82% reduction in hydrogen-mediated hemolysis

[199]

Syringodium isoetifolium

Strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays

[200]

Tinospora Cordifolia

90% DPPH scavenging assay

[201]

Trichoderma citrinoviridae

50–100 µg/ml of tested TiO₂-NPs in DPPH were potent than standard gallic acid

[138]

Coleus aromaticus

100 µg/ml of TiO₂-Nps tested caused 89% scavenging in DPPH assay

[202]

Withania somnifera

Eclipta prostrata

DPPH scavenging activity (68.43% at 500 µg/ml)

[203]

Laurus nobilis (bay leaf)

DPPH 46.71% at 200 µg/ml and H₂O₂ of 58.45% at 50 µg/ml

[203]

Terenna asiatica

IC₅₀ = 80.21 µg/µL in the DPPH assay

[204]

Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch

ROS generation (215.4%) and decreased MMP (72%)

[205]

Terminalia catappa bark extract

47% reduction in MDA content

[85]

Pithecellobium dulce

Lagenaria siceraria

Leaves extracts

52% and 45% for DPPH inhibition respectively

[206]

Malva parviflora extract

85% DPPH inhibition and 90% scavenging for ABTS.

[207]

Tulbhagia violacea

Leaf extracts

50 µg/mL of TiO₂-NPs showed IC₅₀ = 32.7 in DPPH assay

[82]

Limonia acidissima

Peel extract

(ROS) release and (MMP) damage at 70 µg/ml of TiO₂-NPs

[208]