Fig. 4

High-throughput ribosome binding site (RBS) engineering for optimised dopamine production. Number of RBS relates to the already tested RBS from Zhang et al. [57] A Overview of tested RBS combinations for mimicking the in vitro investigation (Strategy A). Two compositions with the highest degree of similarity were selected for each in vitro analysis point. B A random selection of independent points was made in order to analyse the system boundary (Strategy B). C Principle of RBS engineering using the 6 base pair Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence as mutation site. Up to 16.8 million combinations (46 × 46) in the bi-cistronic context are possible. Rational design was therefore applied using in vitro data as well as literature data from Zhang et al. [57]. The two different key strategies for RBS engineering were applied. Created in BioRender. Takors (2025) https://biorender.com/t91y551