Fig. 4

Effects of overexpression of spn on spinosad biosynthesis. a The HPLC analysis of fermentation products of Sa. spinosa and Sa. spinosa-spn. b Fermentation analysis of 9 batches of Sa. spinosa and Sa. spinosa-spn to verify genetic stability. c Spinosad production profiles of Sa. spinosa, Sa. spinosa-PCM, and Sa. spinosa-spn. d Transcriptional analysis of 19 genes by qRT-PCR. RNA samples were isolated from fermentation at 7 d. The transcription level of Sa. spinosa was used as a control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001