Table 3 Different fermentation processes of Astaxanthin from P. rhodozyma

DW6

374.3

9

Using two-stage pH strategies and an inferior substrate of sugarcane molasses as the sole carbon and nitrogen source

[38]

JMU-MVP14

414.1

-

EMS, using 0.5% hydrogen peroxide combined with UV irradiation to eliminate low producing strains and pulse-fed fermentation

[38]

JMU-ALE105

-

8.36

Using TiO₂ domestication and nitrogen source regulation through ammonium sulphate fed-batch fermentation

[62]

Y119

253.1

-

Using Jerusalem artichoke extract as carbon source through substrate-feedback fed-batch fermentation in a 3 L stirred-tank bioreactor

[63]