Fig. 2
From: Advances and trends for astaxanthin synthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma
An overview on different biotechnologies to enhance astaxanthin yield. (A) Random mutagenesis to enhance astaxanthin yield. (B) Using metabolic engineering to regulate astaxanthin metabolic pathways for enhancing astaxanthin yield. (C) Optimization of fermentation conditions to enhance astaxanthin yield. (D) Using genome editing to enhance astaxanthin yield