Fig. 6

Comparison of the gut microbiota between the BECT group and the control group. (a-d) Comparison of the alpha diversity indices between two groups. (e) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of beta diversity (based on the Bray–Curtis distance) based on the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance table was performed to evaluate the community composition and structure of the gut microbiota. (f) Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the genus level of gut microbiota was used to evaluate the value of their contribution to epilepsy. (g-h) Metastats analysis at the phylum(g), and genus(h) levels between the two groups. (i-j) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)(i) value distribution and the cladogram(j) of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) among the two groups. (LEfSe is a statistical tool used in microbiota research to identify bacterial taxa or other microbial features that are significantly different between two or more groups, and to estimate their relative effect sizes.) C: BECT group, E: control group