Table 2 Genome Integration-based surface display of functional elements in Lactobacilli

Displaying vaccines for treating viruses infection

L. salivarius TCMM17

Surface displaying the EpiC of IBV

Genome integration

Stimulating immunity responses

Against IBV

[53]

L. acidophilus NCFM

Surface displaying the VP8* domain of the rotavirus EDIM VP4 capsid protein along with the adjuvants FimH and FliC

Genome integration

Inducing the anti-rotavirus serum IgG and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell responses

Against rotavirus diarrhea-associated illness

Reducing the fecal shedding of rotavirus antigen (4-fold)

BALB/cJ mice challenged with murine rotavirus strain EC_WT

[54]

Displaying functional element for the intestinal exclusion of virus

L. acidophilus ATCC 4356

Surface displaying the HIV-1 receptor CD4 of human beings

Genome integration

Adsorbing HIV-1 particles to block intrarectal HIV-1 infection

Against human HIV-1 infection

Decreasing the infection rate (57% reduction) of the HIV-1-challenged mice

Bone marrow, liver, and thymus (BLT) humanized mice challenged with HIV-1 JR-CSF

[55]

Displaying pharmaceutical compound

L. casei ATCC 393

Surface displaying the lactoferricin (Lfcin) polypeptide

Genome integration

Modulating host immune responses; Inducing autolysis death of bacteria cell by increasing its membrane permeability; Blocking the iron intake of microorganisms to act antimicrobial activity

Against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and PEDV

This engineered strain showed good antibacterial activity against E. coli (40.05% inhibition) and S. aureus (42.22% inhibition) and antiviral activity against PEDV (2-fold suppression of viral replication)

VERO cells infected with PEDV

[56]