Fig. 7

The pathway of ABC transporters with the lowest p-values (greatest pathway enrichment) after screening DEMs. (A) The histidine transporter (HisPMQJ), arginine transporter (ArtJ-ArtPIQM), arginine/ornithine transporter (AotJ, Q, M and P), and riboflavin transporter (RfuABCD) were involved in translocation of histidine, arginine, arginine/ornithine, and riboflavin, respectively. (B) The levels of DEMs including histidine, arginine, and riboflavin in L. mesenteroides-fermented milk (FM) were significantly higher than those in non-fermented milk (M). The p-values of < 0.05 (*), < 0.01 (**), and < 0.001 (***) and mean ± SD were obtained from experiments performed in triplicate