Fig. 3
Changes in the abundance of metabolites in L. mesenteroides-fermented bovine milk. (A) Changes of the nine most abundant metabolites with intensities > 2 × 109 in mass spectra in non-fermented milk were quantified after L. mesenteroides fermentation. An increase (red), decrease (green) or no change (white) in abundance of metabolites after fermentation was displayed. A volcano plot (B) showed the relative changes of abundance of identified 917 metabolites. Red and green dots represented that the abundance of metabolites increased and decreased, representatively, in fermented milk. Grey dots indicated the rest of the metabolites with no significant changes that were detected in both non-fermented and fermented milk. The names of top 10 significantly changed metabolites (5 increased and 5 decreased metabolites) were shown. The p-values of < 0.05 (*), < 0.01 (**), and < 0.001 (***) from three separate experiments with mean ± SD were shown. ns = non-significant