Fig. 4

a Cell concentration of free and immobilized bacteria n = 5; mean \(\:\pm\:\:\)SD; one-way-ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test, p < 0.05. b Growth rates of free and immobilized bacteria n = 5; mean \(\:\pm\:\:\)SD; one-way-ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test, p < 0.05