Fig. 8

Effects of AgNCs on the viability of E. coli and Staph aureus MRSA MHB: untreated pathogenic strains grown in Muller–Hinton broth (negative control) Gentamicin: broad-spectrum antibacterial agent (positive control) Whey-del-AgNCs: Synthesized using Lb delbrueckii grown in whey medium with an initial concentration of 4 mmol AgNO₃ MRS-del-AgNCs: Synthesized using Lb delbrueckii grown in MRS broth medium with an initial concentration of 4 mmol AgNO₃ Whey-ac-AgNCs: Synthesized using Lb acidophilus grown in whey medium with an initial concentration of 4 mmol AgNO₃ MRS-ac-AgNCs: Synthesized using Lb. acidophilus strains grown in MRS broth medium with an initial concentration of 4 mmol AgNO₃