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Table 2 The MIC values of cefalexin, cefotaxime, and cefepime alone and in combination with different inhibitors against engineered strains of E. coli producing CTX-M-15 cloned β-lactamase

From: Characterization of GQA as a novel β-lactamase inhibitor of CTX-M-15 and KPC-2 enzymes

Isogenic Strains

Type of β-lactamasea

MIC data (µg/mL)b

cefalexin

cefotaxime

cefepime

Alone

with inhibitors

Alone

with inhibitors

Alone

with inhibitors

GQA

Clav

Taz

GQA

Clav

Taz

GQA

Clav

Taz

BL10 (pUCP24 vector

pET101/D-TOPO®)

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

TOP10-E375

CTX-M-15

512

4 (0.50)

8 (0.51)

2 (0.50)

128

0.5 (0.25)

1 (0.26)

0.25 (0.50)

128

0.5 (0.25)

1 (0.27)

0.5 (0.25)

  1. aType of β-lactamase was confirmed by both PCR using specific primers as well as sequencing
  2. bGQA galloylquinic acid, Clav clavulanic acid, Taz tazobactam. All inhibitors were tested at a constant concentration of 4 µg/mL. FICI values are presented between brackets