Fig. 4

Regioselectivity prediction and identification of LpUGTs. a Phylogenetic tree of previously characterized flavonoid biosynthesis UGTs and those LpUGTs isolated in this study (red star). The functional proteins are listed in (Additional file 14: Table S7). The scale indicates 0.2 amino acid substitutions per site. b, c Identification of the enzymatic product of recombinant LpUGT95 protein by UPLC/MS/MS. EV, empty vector; UDPG, UDP-glucose; UDPR, UDP-rhamnose. d Kinetic parameters of the recombinant LpUGT95 proteins with nevadensin as acceptor substrate and UDP-glucose or UDP-rhamnose as donor substrate. Values are the average of three independent replicates; error bars represent the average ± one standard deviation. e Relative expression of LpUGT95 in different tissues determined by qRT-PCR