Fig. 4

De novo (S)-stylopine production from glycerol using the co-culture of E. coli and P. pastoris. Reticuline-producing E. coli and stylopine-producing P. pastoris were pre-cultured in LB medium containing antibiotics and YPD medium, respectively. The cultures were inoculated, at the initial ratio indicated, into the BMMY medium containing IPTG (0.1 mM), glycerol (5 g/L), and antibiotics. Growth was estimated by measuring the optical density at 600 nm (a), and the time-dependent production of (S)-stylopine in cells (b) and the medium (c) was determined. Results indicate mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments