Fig. 1
From: Metabolic engineering of a tyrosine-overproducing yeast platform using targeted metabolomics
Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and degradation pathways in S. cerevisiae. The native aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and degradation pathways are indicated with solid black arrows. Overexpression of the non-native or engineered enzymes is indicated using blue font, including tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) from R. sphaeroides [19] and the NAD+-dependent prephenate dehydrogenase (TyrC) from Z. mobilis, the feedback-resistant DAHP synthase Aro4K229L, and the feedback-resistant chorismate mutase Aro7G141S. Native genes that are overexpressed in this study are shown using a green font, while knockout of the first step in the aromatic amino acid degradation pathway, Aro10, is indicated by a ‘prohibited’ symbol. Dotted lines indicate allosteric inhibition by phenylalanine of Aro3 and by tyrosine of Aro4 and Aro7. Boxed metabolites were measured in this study. Metabolite abbreviations: PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; E4P, erythrose-4-phosphate; DAHP, 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate; DHQ, 3-dehydroquinate; DHS, dehydroshikimate; SHIK, shikimate; S3P, shikimate-3-phosphate; EPSP, 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate; CHOR, chorismate; ANTH, anthranilate; TRP, L-tryptophan; IPY, indole pyruvate; IAA, indole acetaldehyde; IAC, indole acetate; TRP-OL, tryptophol; PREPH, prephenate; PPY, phenylpyruvate; PHE, L-phenylalanine; PAA, phenylacetaldehyde; PAC, phenylacetate; PHE-OL, phenylethanol; TYR, L-tyrosine; COU, coumarate; 4HPP, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate; 4HPAA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde; 4HPAC, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate; TYR-OL, tyrosol