Figure 3

Dsb-dependent protein oxidation and isomerization in the bacterial periplasm. DsbA couples consecutive cysteines providing the disulfide bond and is re-charged by the inner membrane DsbB. Incorrect disulfides of oxidized proteins are scrambled by DsbC and DsbG. These isomerases are kept reduced by the inner membrane DsbD that, in return, is reduced by cytoplasmic thioredoxin.